Catholic_Apologetics
Biblical Apologetics Report on Catholic Doctrines
[!WARNING] [Disclaimer and Legal Notice] This document is a personal record created to research and verify religious and theological doctrines from an academic and biblical perspective.
- The Catholic arguments presented in this document are simulations (examples) reconstructed based on comment debates from public videos. There is absolutely no intention to target, demean, or defame any specific individual, organization, or actual YouTube channel.
- This was written for the purpose of sound doctrinal verification within the boundaries of freedom of religion and expression, and the contents of this document cannot be used as grounds for any legal dispute. Please keep this in mind upon any external disclosure.
Note: This document records a public debate related to Catholicism. It includes (anticipated) comments not only from Catholic believers but also from 'liberal theologians' active in Catholic spaces. Please do not misunderstand.
Purpose of this Document This document verifies major doctrines of Catholicism against the light of the Bible, and summarizes biblical verses and logical grounds explaining why Protestantism does not agree with those doctrines. There is absolutely no intention to demean or attack Catholic believers; it was written solely to explore the truth together based on the single standard of "What does the Bible say?". I pray for the peace of all brothers and sisters in the Lord.
Table of Contents
- Soteriology: Faith Alone (Justification by Faith) vs. Salvation by Works
- Mariology: Intercession of Saints and the Deification of Creatures
- Mariology: Biblical Verification of the Title 'Mother of God'
- The Eucharist: Biblical Verification of Transubstantiation
- The Mass: A 'Repeated Sacrifice' and the Completeness of the Cross
- Doctrine of Purgatory: Collision with the Completeness of the Blood of the Cross
- Baptism: Is it a Mandatory Condition for Salvation, or a Sign of Obedience?
- Doctrine of Authority: Scripture vs. Tradition, Papal Primacy
- The Trinity: Created by Councils, or Originally in the Bible?
- Communicating with the Dead: Clear Prohibition in the Bible
- Church Dues and Administrative Restrictions: Fact Check
- Conclusion: The Convergence of Three Structural Contradictions
1. Soteriology: Faith Alone (Justification by Faith) vs. Salvation by Works
Core Question
"Is a person saved by accumulating good works, or saved solely by faith in Jesus Christ?"
The Bible's Answer
Justification by faith is the backbone of the gospel directly recorded by the Apostle Paul in the Bible.
| Verse | Word |
|---|---|
| Romans 3:28 | "Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law." |
| Galatians 2:16 | "Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ..." |
| John 6:29 | "...This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent." |
| Ephesians 2:8-9 | "For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast." |
Justification by faith is not an assertion invented by Luther or any subsequent humans. It is the absolute backbone of the gospel directly proclaimed by the Apostle Paul under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
Main Counterarguments from the Catholic Side and Responses
Counterargument ① "Jeremiah 17:10 says 'to give every man according to his ways,' so it is salvation by works."
We must read the context of Jeremiah 17 together.
- Verse 9: "The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it?"
- Verse 5: Relying on the merits of my flesh brings a curse.
- Verse 7: Trusting in the LORD alone (faith) brings a blessing.
The human heart is thoroughly rotten. God does not weigh the deeds that come from that rotten heart to send us to heaven. If we were judged by our deeds, not a single person would be saved. Jeremiah 17 is actually a message of faith: "Do not rely on the merits of the flesh, but trust in the LORD alone."
Counterargument ② "The parable of the sheep and the goats in Matthew 25 teaches salvation by works."
If you read Matthew 25 closely, you will discover that it is actually a verse that destroys Catholic meritocracy.
When Jesus praises the good deeds of the sheep (the righteous), the saved righteous reply like this:
"Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, and fed thee...?" (Matt 25:37)
If they had calculatingly accumulated good deeds to earn a ticket to heaven, they would have proudly declared, "Lord, I worked hard all my life to build up good deeds!" However, the truly righteous could not even remember their own good deeds.
Why? Their good deeds were not a legalistic condition to buy an admission ticket to heaven, but the fruit of love that flowed out unconsciously from within because they were so grateful for being saved freely by the grace of the cross.
Conversely, the goats were cast out while continuously calculating and parading their own deeds and merits to the very end, saying, "When did we not do it?" (verse 44).
Summary: Protestantism does not deny good deeds. It simply teaches that good deeds are not the 'cause' of salvation, but the 'result (fruit)' borne by those who are saved. An apple tree doesn't become an apple tree because apples grew on it; it bears apples naturally because it is an apple tree.
Counterargument ③ "Doesn't Luke 13 mean that works are necessary?"
Look at what the people cast out the door say in Luke 13 (verse 26). They didn't say, "We did many good deeds," but rather, "We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets." Jesus didn't cast them out for lacking good deeds, but He cast out those who only pretended to know Him without a genuine relationship of faith.
Matthew 7 is the same. The people who boasted of their deeds, saying, "Have we not done many wonderful works in thy name?" were the very first to be cast out.
2. Mariology: Intercession of Saints and the Deification of Creatures
Core Question
"Is it biblical to request prayers from Mary and dead saints?"
The Bible's Answer
(1) The only mediator is Jesus Christ alone
"For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus" (1 Timothy 2:5)
While Catholicism acknowledges in its documents that Jesus is the sole mediator, in practice it offers countless intercessory prayers to Mary and the dead saints. This is a severe discrepancy between document and practice.
(2) "Pray for one another" is a horizontal fellowship among living saints
"Pray one for another" in James 5:16 means to share pains horizontally and intercede mutually among living saints. Who did he give as an example of the 'prayer of a righteous man' in the very next verse (verse 17)? It was the Old Testament prophet Elijah.
Did the Apostle James teach, "Beg Elijah, who is dead in heaven, to deliver your prayers for you"? Exactly the opposite: he tells us to pray directly to the living God in faith.
(3) The Ontological Contradiction of the Doctrine of the Intercession of Saints — Deification of Creatures
This is the most central problem.
When hundreds of millions of believers around the world simultaneously offer prayers to Mary in their own hearts and languages, believing that Mary 'hears and processes all those hundreds of millions of prayers simultaneously' is attributing the absolute attributes of the Creator God alone—Omniscience and Omnipresence—to a human creature.
Asking a living friend in the same space and time for prayer through conversation is a completely different nature of action than offering a religious prayer to the 'soul of a dead person' in a completely different dimension (the spiritual realm).
There is even more decisive biblical evidence. Many prayers are offered in the heart (silently) without moving the lips.
"...for thou, even thou only, knowest the hearts of all the children of men" (1 Kings 8:39)
"I the LORD search the heart, I try the reins..." (Jeremiah 17:10)
The deep inner heart and thoughts of a human being cannot be known by angels, Satan, or Mary. The Bible clearly proclaims that only "the LORD God alone knows." If Mary could hear and know the silent prayers of hundreds of millions of people simultaneously, the Bible's declaration that "only the Lord knows" would become a lie.
(4) Regarding the counterargument: "Saints can know if God reveals it to them"
God 'temporarily revealing' one specific fact to a prophet is in a completely different category from Mary, a creature, simultaneously hearing and processing the inner prayers launched by hundreds of millions of people worldwide for all eternity. For the latter to be possible, Mary must possess 'omniscience,' an infinite information processing capability.
(5) The Bible proclaims we should go directly to God
"Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need." (Hebrews 4:16)
Ignoring the grace by which the veil of the Holy of Holies was torn by Jesus' blood, granting us direct access to God, and insisting on using creatures (saints) as mediums undermines the merit of the cross.
3. Mariology: Biblical Verification of the Title 'Mother of God'
Core Question
"Does the Bible call Mary the 'Mother of God'?"
The Bible's Answer
(1) Strict Word Differentiation in the Original Biblical Language (Greek)
Moved by the Holy Spirit, Elizabeth confessed in Greek, "the mother of my Lord (Κυρίου, Kyrios)" (Luke 1:43), and never called her "the mother of God (Θεοῦ, Theos)."
The New Testament distinguishes words very precisely.
| Term | Greek | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Lord | Kyrios | The office of the Messiah who came incarnate in human flesh |
| God | Theos | The nature of the Creator, self-existent from eternity past |
The authors of the Bible deeply respected Mary, but strictly recorded her accurately only as "the mother of Jesus" (John 2:1) and "the mother of my Lord" (Luke 1:43). The Bible has never crossed the line to use the title "Mother of Theos (God)," which points to the nature of the Creator.
(2) Regarding the counterargument: "Kyrios is equal to Yahweh, so Mother of God is correct"
It is true that 'Yahweh (YHWH)' of the Old Testament was translated as 'Kyrios' in the Septuagint. However, while 'Kyrios' was used to translate Yahweh, in everyday language of the time, it was also a title for 'a human king, master, or Messiah.'
If the 'Kyrios' Elizabeth used was perfectly synonymous with 'Yahweh God,' then Elizabeth was essentially declaring to Mary, "You are the mother of Yahweh." Amidst the strict monotheism of the Old Testament, could Elizabeth, a first-century Jew, have conceived the blasphemous idea that "the eternal Creator Yahweh God has an origin (mother)"?
Elizabeth's confession was a great tribute to the woman carrying the 'Messiah who is King' who was to come, as prophesied in Psalm 110, not meaning "You are the origin of Creator Yahweh."
(3) The Ontological Contradiction Acknowledged by Catholicism Itself
Catholicism also admits, "It does not mean Mary created the divine nature of God." What Mary gave birth to was merely the 'human nature' taken on in time by Jesus, who is truly God; she never gave birth to His 'divine nature.'
While acknowledging she never gave birth to the divine nature of God, why insist on the title 'Mother of God,' which breeds the misunderstanding that "the creature gave birth to the Creator"?
Summary: 'Mother of God' is a theological product established by the later church at the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, not the language of the Bible. "Stopping our theology where the Bible stops" is the safest and truest attitude of faith as creatures.
4. The Eucharist: Biblical Verification of Transubstantiation
Core Question
"Does the bread and wine truly become the flesh and blood of Jesus when consecrated by a priest?"
The Catholic Claim
The Catholic doctrine of 'Transubstantiation' posits that when a priest consecrates the elements, the bread changes in substance into the physical and actual flesh and blood of Jesus.
The Bible's Answer
(1) The Interpretation Key Given Directly by Jesus
In the very same setting in John 6 where Jesus said, "eat my flesh, and drink my blood," He stated:
"It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life." (John 6:63)
Jesus Himself directly provided the interpretation key: "The words I spoke are spiritual words." It was not an instruction to physically eat meat, but a spiritual declaration to accept His words by faith.
(2) The Contradiction Arising When the Same Logic is Applied
Jesus also said, "I am the door of the sheep" (John 10:7, 9). If interpreted literally the Catholic way, Jesus must turn into an actual physical wooden door. However, no one interprets it that way because everyone knows it is a metaphor.
In Luke 22:20, Jesus said, "This cup is the new testament in my blood." Interpreted literally, the 'cup' holding the wine itself must change into the abstract concept of a 'new testament'. Did a metal cup turn into a contract document? No. This is a literary metaphor.
(3) A Prayer of Thanksgiving Does Not Change the Substance of Bread
The prayer Jesus said holding the bread was a prayer of thanksgiving offered by the head of the household during a Jewish Passover meal to God the Father who gave them sustenance. The object of the prayer was not the 'bread' but 'God'.
In the miracle of the five loaves and two fishes in Matthew 14:19, Jesus identically took the loaves, looked up to heaven, blessed, and brake the loaves to give to them. Did the bread eaten by the 5,000 all turn into the 'substantial flesh' of Jesus?
(4) The Logical Flaw in the Claim of 'Substantial Change'
The claim that "It is physically bread, but its unseen substance has changed into flesh" becomes glaringly contradictory when framed like this: Someone points to a piece of bread and says, "This is real beef." Even under a microscope, there is no protein, no muscle fibers, no blood. If the answer is, "Physically it is bread, but its unseen substance has changed into beef," then ultimately, isn't that a symbol?
5. The Mass: A 'Repeated Sacrifice' and the Completeness of the Cross
Core Question
"If Jesus' sacrifice on the cross was completed forever, why must a sacrifice be offered again at every Mass?"
The Bible's Answer
"By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all." (Hebrews 10:10)
"It is finished." (John 19:30)
"For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified." (Hebrews 10:14)
Jesus declared "It is finished" on the cross, ending the eternal sacrifice with a single sacrifice.
However, Catholicism officially doctrinally specifies the Mass not as a simple meal, but as a 'true sacrifice'.
"Finished once for all forever" vs. "Offered again every week" — Which is the truth?
Regarding the Priestly Monopoly on the Eucharist
Regarding the claim that only an apostle (priest) can administer the Eucharist, let's look at what Paul said when teaching the Eucharist in 1 Corinthians 11.
"When ye come together therefore into one place... As often as ye eat this bread..." (1 Cor 11:20, 26)
Paul did not say, "Only dispatched priests or bishops to the church should administer it." The recipients of this letter are not a specific priestly class, but the entire congregation of the Corinthian church.
In fact, the early church was a house church. Believers gathered in homes and broke bread together; it was not a structure where a priest officiated at an altar. The New Testament calls church leaders elders or bishops, and not once does it refer to them by the title of 'priest (Hiereus)' who officiates a sacrifice.
6. Doctrine of Purgatory: Collision with the Completeness of the Blood of the Cross
Core Question
"After death, must one purify remaining sins in 'Purgatory' before going to heaven?"
The Bible's Answer
(1) Purgatory Denies the Completeness of the Blood of the Cross
At the foundation of the doctrine of Purgatory lies the premise that the blood shed by the Son of God was 'insufficient' to perfectly wash away my sins, so I must erase the remaining stains with my own suffering in the fires of Purgatory.
"And the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin." (1 John 1:7)
"For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified." (Hebrews 10:14)
"And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment" (Hebrews 9:27)
The Bible strictly blocks any afterlife opportunities (Purgatory) after death. After death, there is no purification, only judgment.
(2) The Thief on the Cross — The Biblical Precedent that Perfectly Neutralizes Purgatory
The most decisive precedent is the thief on the cross.
He committed evil deeds all his life and believed in Jesus right before he died. He was the most imperfect and filthy person who had no time to wash his twisted inner inclinations or pay the price for his sins. According to the doctrine of Purgatory, this thief should have gone into the hottest fires of Purgatory.
But what did Jesus say?
"To day shalt thou be with me in paradise." (Luke 23:43)
Jesus' blood cleanses us so completely, instantly, and perfectly that not even a single second in a purification place like Purgatory is needed.
(3) The Fire in 1 Corinthians 3 is not the Fire of Purgatory
1 Corinthians 3:15 ("saved; yet so as by fire") is sometimes used as grounds for Purgatory, but looking at the context from verse 12, that fire is not a fire that purifies the filth of the soul, but a fire of judgment that tests the 'work (results of ministry)' built by ministers on earth (verse 13).
In the Greek original, the object tested by fire is not the 'soul (psyche)' of a dead believer, but the 'results of ministry (ergon)' performed by a minister while alive.
(4) The Problem of Using the Deuterocanonicals (Apocrypha) as a Basis
There are instances of quoting the Deuterocanonicals (like Maccabees) as biblical grounds for the doctrine of Purgatory, but it is unreasonable to build doctrines based on apocryphal books that not even the Jews recognized as canonical and which Jesus Himself never quoted even once.
7. Baptism: Is it a Mandatory Condition for Salvation, or a Sign of Obedience?
Core Question
"Must one receive water baptism to be saved?"
The Bible's Answer
(1) Paul Clearly Separated the Gospel and Water Baptism
"For Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel" (1 Corinthians 1:17)
If baptism were the most essential requirement for salvation, Paul effectively declared here, "Jesus didn't send me to save souls." Paul himself clearly separated the essence of salvation, which is the gospel, from the external sign, which is water baptism.
(2) The Incident of Cornelius — The Biblical Precedent of Being Saved Before Water Baptism
In Acts 10, the gentile family of Cornelius received the Holy Spirit by faith after hearing the word even before receiving water baptism (Acts 10:44).
"Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?" (Acts 10:47)
Inner salvation (baptism of the Holy Spirit) came first, and water baptism was administered afterward as a result of the inner salvation already received. If water baptism were a mandatory condition for salvation, Cornelius's family receiving salvation before being baptized would be a biblical error.
(3) The Core Theme of Paul's Epistles Confirms This
The core reason Paul wrote his epistles was to block the claims of false teachers who said, "Believing in Jesus is not enough; you must be circumcised (a physical, ritual act) to be saved." If we teach today, "Believing alone is not enough; you must receive a valid baptism (a ritual act) to be saved," we risk falling into the very legalistic logic that Paul warned against.
Summary: Water baptism is a truly precious and beautiful rite in our faith. However, the Bible tells us that it cannot become an 'essential condition that must be added' to the perfect salvation of Jesus Christ's blood and our faith.
8. Doctrine of Authority: Scripture vs. Tradition, Papal Primacy
Core Question
"Do Scripture and Tradition have equal authority? Is the Pope the head of the church?"
The Bible's Answer
(1) The Danger of Placing Tradition on Par with Scripture
The Pharisees of Jesus' time also placed Scripture (the Torah) and their 'tradition' on equal authority. At that time, Jesus strictly rebuked them:
"Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered" (Mark 7:13)
If human tradition collides with the clear declarations of the Bible and covers them up, it ultimately results in tradition reigning over the Word.
Creatures should not haphazardly add anything other than the words clearly promised in the Bible. The medieval Vatican church constantly added doctrines never promised by Jesus through the Bible—**'Purgatory', 'Indulgences', 'Papal Infallibility', 'Mary's Immaculate Conception and Assumption'**—creating doctrines outside the Bible.
(2) The Word of God Gave Birth to the Church
There is an argument that "Since the Church adopted the Bible, the Church is above the Bible." However, the Word of God gave birth to the church. It didn't become truth because the Vatican granted it authority, but rather, the early church recognized and accepted the Word that was already the truth.
(3) Peter the Rock and Papal Primacy
Just 5 verses after Jesus said, "upon this rock I will build my church" (Matt 16:18), He said to Peter, "Get thee behind me, Satan" (Matt 16:23). Would He have called the rock Satan?
Peter himself, in 1 Peter 2, directly proclaimed that the rock of the church is not himself but Jesus Christ.
(4) The Priesthood of All Believers and Church Offices
The statement that all believers are priests does not mean there is no need for pastors. The meaning of all believers being priests is that now, without a middleman like a priest, anyone can go directly to God through Jesus.
Church offices do exist, just as Ephesians 4:11 records, "And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers." However, these are offices of service, not a priestly class that mediates salvation.
(5) Regarding the Name 'Roman Catholic'
Some argue that calling it 'Roman Catholic' is derogatory, but it is not derogatory; it is the doctrine itself. The core of Catholicism is that churches worldwide must submit to the primacy of the 'Bishop of Rome (the Pope)'.
Protestantism simply had the gospel brought by American missionaries; there is no doctrine that a specific pastor in America is the head of the church or that the whole world must submit to him. It is incorrect to compare a structure where the 'Roman Pope' is the head of the church on the same level as 'America', which is merely where the gospel departed from.
9. The Trinity: Created by Councils, or Originally in the Bible? (Expected from Liberal Theologians in Catholic Spaces)
Core Question
"Was the Trinity created at the councils of the Roman Empire?"
The Bible's Answer
Some who attack Catholicism (expected to be liberal theologians) claim that the Trinity is a product of councils. However, this is a claim that ignores the dates the Bible was written.
At the Council of Nicaea in 325, regarding the Holy Spirit, there was only a single line: "We believe in the Holy Spirit." Specific articulation of the deity of the Holy Spirit was added only 56 years later in 381.
However, the Bible had already perfectly recorded the Trinity hundreds of years prior to the councils.
| Verse | Word |
|---|---|
| Matthew 28:19 | "...baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:" |
| John 1:1 | "...and the Word was God." |
| John 10:30 | "I and my Father are one." |
| Colossians 2:9 | "For in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily." |
| 1 John 5:7 | "For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one." |
Protestants believe in the Trinity not because a council created it for them, but because it is originally recorded in the Bible. The councils merely defended the truths already present in the Bible against heretics; they were not places that created doctrines standing above the Bible.
10. Communicating with the Dead: Clear Prohibition in the Bible
Core Question
"Is it biblical to communicate with dead saints or ask them for prayers?"
The Bible's Answer
The Bible forbids the living from attempting to converse with the dead.
The communion of saints refers to a spiritual fellowship where we are united as one through the Holy Spirit in Jesus, not real-time communication with people in heaven.
Regarding 1 Corinthians 15:29 — "Baptized for the dead" (Refutation of expected liberal theologian claims in Catholic spaces)
This verse is sometimes used as grounds for communicating with the dead, but we must read the context accurately.
First, 'baptism (βαπτίζω, baptizo)' originally means 'to be completely immersed in water.' The Bible has three baptisms:
| Baptism | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Water Baptism | Being immersed in water as a sign of repentance |
| Spirit Baptism | The Holy Spirit coming upon a believer |
| Fire Baptism | Judgment, namely hellfire (Matt 3:11-12) |
In 1 Corinthians 15:29, "baptized for (because of) the dead," the key is "because of". It means receiving fire baptism (judgment) because they killed the dead (martyrs).
The very next verses confirm this: "And why stand we in jeopardy every hour?" (verse 30), "I die daily" (verse 31). Paul's argument is: If there is no resurrection, isn't the judgment of persecutors and the suffering of saints all meaningless?
The 'Saints' Paul Mentioned
The 'saints' mentioned by Paul, looking at Romans 1:7, 1 Corinthians 1:2, and Ephesians 1:1, are all believers living on this earth. Paul never taught, "Pray to dead saints."
11. Church Dues and Administrative Restrictions: Fact Check
Article 133 of the Pastoral Guidelines of the Catholic Church in Korea and Canon Law 222 stipulate the obligation of believers to pay church dues (Gyomugeum).
If one does not pay church dues for a long time and does not go to confession (Pangongseongsa), they are classified as a 'lukewarm/lapsed believer (Naengdamja)', losing their qualification to be a godparent, and facing restrictions on dispensation marriages and funeral masses. This is an actual administrative procedure in Catholicism.
Of course, it is not an absolute "If you don't pay, you absolutely can't have a funeral"; in practice, it is an administrative recommendation that may vary depending on the individual judgment of the priest on site. However, the fact that the administrative restriction itself exists does not change. Rather, ordinary believers often do not know their own church's administrative laws well.
12. Conclusion: The Convergence of Three Structural Contradictions
No matter what logic the Catholic side brings, it ultimately converges into one of the following three essential contradictions.
① Deification of Creatures
The contradiction of attributing absolute attributes unique to the Creator (omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence) to creatures like Mary and the saints.
- The ability to hear hundreds of millions of simultaneous prayers = Omnipotence/Omniscience
- The ability to pierce the inner heart = Only God alone knows (1 Kings 8:39)
② Premise of the Incompleteness of the Blood of the Cross
Doctrines built on the premise that the single, perfect sacrifice of Jesus Christ is insufficient.
- Purgatory: Because the blood is insufficient, additional purification is needed.
- Repeated Sacrifice of the Mass: Repeating a sacrifice every week that was finished once for all.
- Indulgences: Further reducing the penalty for sin with human merit.
③ Undermining the Authority of Scripture
A structure where human tradition and papal decisions stand equal to or above the Word of the Bible.
- Continuous addition of doctrines not in the Bible (Purgatory, Papal Infallibility, Mary's Immaculate Conception, etc.)
- "Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition..." (Mark 7:13)
Closing
The Protestant Reformation did not create a new religion. It was a movement to clear away the impurities of traditions added by humans over centuries, and return to the pure gospel of the early church: Sola Scriptura (Scripture Alone), Sola Fide (Faith Alone), Sola Gratia (Grace Alone), Solus Christus (Christ Alone), and Soli Deo Gloria (Glory to God Alone).
Our only hope is the blood of Jesus Christ alone, which washed even the thief on the cross so perfectly in a single moment that he went straight to paradise.
I pray that the peace of the Lord be with all who read this document.
All Bible verses quoted in this document are based on the Korean Revised Version (KRV) and the King James Version (KJV). The Scripture Audit — Biblical Apologetics Project
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